Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder Research Articles

Recent insights in the correlation between social media use, personality traits and exercise addiction: a literature review

Introduction and aimThe excessive involvement in physical activity without stopping in between sessions despite injuries, the continuous thinking to exercise feeling insane thoughts and experiencing withdrawal symptoms are all characteristics of the Exercise Addiction (EA), an addictive behavior. While the primary exercise addiction is directly caused by compulsive exercise, many studies highlighted the relationship between Eating Disorders (ED) and EA, defining the secondary EA. The correlation between EA, social media use (SMU) and other individual traits remains a relatively underexplored domain. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the latest evidence on the relationship between EA, SMU, and some personality traits such as perfectionism and body image.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed, Medline, PsycARTICLES, Embase, Web of Science were searched from January 2019 to October 2023, following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 15 articles were examined and consolidated in this review. EA was found to be related to different individual traits such perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, depression, obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. While controversial results were found regarding the relationship between EA and SMU.ConclusionThe interaction between mental health, exercise addiction and social media use is complex. Excessive engagement in these latter may result in negative mental health consequences despite their potential benefits. Understanding individual differences and developing effective interventions is crucial to promoting healthy habits and mitigating the EA risks, ultimately enhancing mental well-being. Further research should focus on the identification of risks and protective factors with the eventual aim of developing and implementing effective prevention strategies.

Complex emotional needs, overcontrol and death by suicide in older adults

Globally, older people are frequently at consistently greater risk of dying by suicide than those belonging to any other age group. In countries that report low or moderate rates of suicide in older people, under recognition, under reporting, and under responsiveness may be factors that impact the statistics collected. In countries like the UK, where suicide rates in older people have fallen in line with the national average, suicide in older people occurs ambiguously, may be hidden, or not considered a deliberate act. The introduction of specialist older adult teams and legal restrictions around access to firearms, has likely had some positive impact on the reduction in suicide rate in some older people since the 1980s in the UK. However, these factors may also mean that suicide in older people occurs in individuals who do not access mental health services, or who now use methods that do not appear to be deliberate attempts to die. Psycho-social differences in suicidal older adults are outlined. Older people with complex emotional needs are at greater risk of death by suicide, if they have been given a diagnosis of ‘avoidant’ or ‘obsessive compulsive personality disorder’. It is suggested that ‘overcontrol’ is an underlying psychological need that greatly increases the risk of death by suicide in older people. Identification and treatment of overcontrol is briefly discussed.

Childhood maltreatment and personality disorders in adolescents and adults with psychotic or non-psychotic disorders.

While the attention to personality disorders (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) has grown in recent years, there remains limited understanding of the prevalence and distinctions of PD and CM in clinical populations of Chinese adolescents in comparison to adults. A total of 1,417 participants were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with either psychotic or non-psychotic disorders in the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their age: adolescents (aged 15-21 years) and adults (aged 22-35 years). PDs were evaluated using a self-reported personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview, while CMs were assessed using the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form. When comparing self-reported PD traits and CM between adolescents and adults, differences emerge. Adolescents, particularly in the psychotic disorder group, exhibit more pronounced schizotypal PD traits (p=0.029), and this pattern extends to non-psychotic disorders (p<0.001). Adolescents in the non-psychotic disorder group also report higher levels of emotional abuse (p=0.014), with a notable trend in physical abuse experiences compared to adults (p=0.057). Furthermore, the most prevalent PDs in the clinical sample are avoidant, borderline, and obsessive-compulsive PDs. Among patients with psychotic disorders, adolescents exhibit higher rates of schizoid, schizotypal, and obsessive-compulsive PDs compared to adults. Logistic regression analyses highlight distinct predictors for psychotic and non-psychotic disorders in adolescents and adults. The findings emphasize distinct differences in PDs and CMs between adolescent and adult groups, shedding light on their potential roles in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders.

Positive Psychology and Mental Health: Solving Problems of Positive Psychology from A New Perspective

Positive psychology tries to help people find happiness, hope, and life satisfaction within people’s lives. However, the approach of positive psychology might be inadequate. To reach all the positive sides, there need to be more negative sides to work with positive psychology because people may not have an accurate understanding of many mental disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorders or personality disorders. Telling them how problematic these mental disorders are might seem negative, but it will help people to have a better understanding of their own mental health. Forming the correct view of mental disorders will reduce stigma and help people with mental disorders reach out for help. Another problem with positive psychology is that many services related to this approach are driven by money, and the intentions might not be helpful for people who want to improve themselves. Possible causes of these problems might be related to the heavy money-related ideas led by Seligman, who is the most famous scientist in the area of positive psychology. Possible solutions might be related more to negative aspects of life in general because learning how to stay peaceful and happy during negative situations might be the only way to define true happiness. Based on the second wave of positive psychology, more attention is still needed to solve these problems by noticing how useful negative aspects of life are.

Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder in Medical Students

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a cluster C personality disorder, and the most prevalent one. It is mainly characterized by perfectionism and can cause distress and functional impairment in the individual. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OCPD in medical students, investigate the effect of this disorder on students’ academic performance, and discover any possible related factors.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional observational study consisted of 508 medical students enrolled at the University of Jordan in 2021. It utilized a questionnaire that enquired about their sociodemographic information, academic information, and study habits. It also contained questions about the diagnostic criteria of OCPD from the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and questions from the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) to assess the presence of the rigid perfectionism personality trait.&#x0D; Results: Fifty-one percent of the studied sample either fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria or showed moderate or high expression of rigid perfectionism, according to the PID-5. More than two-thirds of the students able to be diagnosed with OCPD reported being overwhelmed with anxiety and stress at times of exams, and 41.5% stated that they skip sleep before exams even though they have finished studying.&#x0D; Conclusion: The reported prevalence of 51.18% in medical students is ten times the prevalence of OCPD in the general population. There was no association between OCPD and the students’ gender or academic performance. Students affected by OCPD seem to experience overwhelming amounts of stress and may need mental health support in the form of regular check-ups and counseling services.

Proposition of a transdiagnostic processual approach of emotion dysregulation based on core triggers and interpersonal styles.

Emotion dysregulation (ED) has primarily been described in patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) and is an integral part of this diagnosis, but it is also a transdiagnostic construct that can be found in several other psychiatric disorders. The strong relationships between ED and BPD may lead clinicians to underestimate ED associated to other clinical contexts. This can lead to difficulties in diagnostic and treatment orientation, especially in the context of comorbidities. In this article, after reviewing the literature on the development and functioning of emotion dysregulation, and on the evidence for emotion dysregulation in eight disorders (borderline personality disorder, pathological narcissism with/without narcissistic personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), we present a transdiagnostic processual model of emotion dysregulation based on core triggers and interpersonal styles to try to address this issue and to provide a simple but technical tool to help clinicians in their diagnostic assessment and treatment orientation. By focusing more on typical patterns and interpersonal dynamics than only on categories, we believe that this model may contribute to the actual need for improvement of our current psychiatric classifications, alongside other well-studied and under-used dimensional models of psychopathology (e.g., HiTOP, AMPD), and may be useful to build more specific treatment frameworks for patients suffering from ED.

Self-report versus clinical ratings using the SWAP-200 in the assessment of personality disorders

The relationship between self- and informant reports of personality using psychometric instruments is constantly the focus of attention for researchers in the field of clinical assessment in psychology. The research shows weak agreement between clinicians and patients’ assessments of personality disorders (PDs). The current study aimed at the convergence of measurement of PDs using the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200), the self-report Character Styles Questionnaire-R (CSQ-R) and Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI). Paper-pencil questionnaires were administered to 102 inpatients (88.2% female, aged 18-64, M = 38.4) in a voivodeship hospital and outpatient health care centre. The SWAP-200 allowed us to gather expert (clinician) personality ratings basing on the intensive contact with patients. Results show that only a few SWAP-200 PD scales showed low positive correlations with corresponding self-reported PD scales from the CSQ-R. With the canonical correlation analysis, we identified two functions (borderline and internalising) that described similarities between the SWAP-200 and CSQ-R. SWAP-200 Obsessive-Compulsive PD correlated negatively with BPI scales. Consistent with previous studies, the self-report and the clinical assessment were only marginally convergent. Furthermore, OCPD stands out from other disorders in that it correlates positively with health indicators and negatively with some of the other personality disorders. The highest agreement was observed in the description of Borderline PD.

Impulsive and compulsive reading comprehension in the prison population

BackgroundDevelopmental dyslexia is characterized by reading and writing deficits that persist into adulthood. Dyslexia is strongly associated with academic underachievement, as well as impulsive, compulsive, and criminal behaviors.The aims of this study were to investigate impulsive or compulsive reading comprehension, analyzing the differences in reading errors between two distinct groups —one with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and another with Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) and examine their correlation with criminal behavior within a prison population.MethodsWe gathered data from 194 participants: 81 with ASPD and 113 with OCPD from a prison center. Participants took part in interviews to gather data on demographic, criminal, and behavioral data. Additionally, the participants underwent various assessments, including the International Examination for Personality Disorders; Symptom Inventory, and Battery for the Assessment of Reading Processes in Secondary and High School – Revised.ResultsOur analysis revealed differences in reading skills between the ASPD and OCPD groups. Specifically, the OCPD group showed poorer performance on lexical selection, semantic categorization, grammar structures, grammatical judgements, and expository comprehension when compared with the ASPD group. Conversely, the OCPD group obtained higher scores on narrative comprehension relative to the ASPD group.ConclusionsThe OCPD group showed slow lexical-phonological coding and phonological activation.

Subjective fatigue in individuals with anxiety and mood disorders correlates with specific traits of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Fatigue is a common debilitating symptom in individuals with anxiety and mood disorders, also known as common mental disorders (CMD). Aspects of fatigue are seen to be independently associated with the presence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in individuals with CMD. However, the relationship between different traits of OCPD and fatigue is still under-researched. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the associations between individual OCPD traits and fatigue in those with CMD. This cross-sectional study investigated 203 individuals (76.8% female, mean age 40.8 ± 11.8) attending a stress-related disorders day care unit. Participants were evaluated for OCPD traits by using the Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale and completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. Out of 203 participants, 42 (20.7%) fulfilled operational criteria for OCPD (73.8% female). Participants with OCPD had greater reduced motivation, mental and physical fatigue scores than those without OCPD (13.2 ± 3.6 vs. 14.5 ± 3.6, p = 0.035; 14.4 ± 4.3 vs. 16.1 ± 3.5, p = 0.023; 13.5 ± 4.3 vs. 15.0 ± 4.3, p = 0.049, respectively). In individuals with OCPD, higher levels of rigidity correlated with physical fatigue (ρ = 0.463, p = 0.002) and reduced activity (ρ = 0.363, p = 0.018), while preoccupation with details was associated with reduced motivation (ρ = 0.437, p = 0.004). In conclusion, in individuals with CMD and comorbid OCPD, several OCPD traits were significantly related to subjective measures of fatigue. As traits are considered stable features, there results suggest they might play a causative role in generating subjective fatigue in CMD.

Features of Polypharmacy in Dutch Older Outpatients with Personality Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Pharmacotherapy in older adults with personality disorders (PDs) can be even more complicated compared to younger adults, because older adults stand at risk for polypharmacy and its negative consequences due to somatic comorbidities and biological age-related changes. Aims: This study’s primary objective serves to describe the point preva- lence of polypharmacy in older adults with PDs. Next, we described 1) the number of psychotropics employed, 2) classes of psychotropics, 3) the number of somatic medication, and 4) the anticholinergic burden of the total medication. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed at a clinical center of excellence for older adults with PDs in the Netherlands. Fifty outpatients aged 65 years and older with a primary diagnosis of a PD were selected from an alphabetically ordered list. Data from the files on polypharmacy (use of five medications or more daily), use of medication and the anti- cholinergic burden (ARS score) was collected. Results: Polypharmacy was present in 72% of older adults with PDs. The mean number of psychotropics was 2.0 (SD = 1.4) psychotropics per per- son, for somatic medication the mean was 6.2 (SD = 3.6). Antidepressants were the most frequently prescribed (used by 62%), followed by anxiolytics (used by 40%). The mean ARS score was 1.1 points (SD = 1.7). Conclusions: The prevalence of polypharmacy in older adults with PDs stands high, due to the high use of both psychotropics and somatic medica- tion. Although this study provides important and new information on the use of medication in older adults, its representation of the population may be limited due to the tertiary care setting and small sample size excluding certain PDs (e.g., schizoid or obsessive-compulsive PD). Also, we did not register or measure the consequences of polypharmacy.

Personality disorder type only sometimes matters: An exploration of patient's personality disorder as a source of variance in early therapeutic alliance.

The study aimed to analyse personality disorders among patients in the early phase of psychotherapy as a source of variance in the quality of the emerging alliance. The sample consisted of 131 individual psychotherapy patients with borderline (BPD), narcissistic (NPD), dependent (DPD) and obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders and 131 psychotherapists. Different sources of alliance estimation were included. Therapeutic alliance was operationalized on several dimensions. The hypothesis was tested using an independent samples one-way analysis of variance. The study revealed a significant effect of personality disorder type on early therapeutic alliance quality. BPD patients rated their early alliance the lowest compared to NPD, DPD and OCPD patients. This trend was dominant and replicated regardless of who rated the alliance and which dimension of alliance was estimated. NPD, DPD and OCPD patients have better initial therapeutic alliances than BPD patients, and their alliances do not differ significantly. BPD patients build weaker alliances, and what poses a challenge for them is not only developing a strong and close bond but also conceptualizing goals and reaching agreement on tasks.

“I CAN STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE AND STILL BE KIND TO MYSELF”: A CASE REPORT ON MULTIFACETED INTERVENTION FOR A YOUNG WOMAN WITH DEPRESSION AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS

Limited literature exists on the management of depression with comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). This case report presents the psychological intervention provided for a young woman with clinical depression, anxiety, and traits of OCPD. Additionally, she exhibits distinctive maladaptive coping mechanisms, having created vivid characters in her mind since a young age to ensure flawless behaviors. The treatment approach was based on the framework of cognitive behavioral therapy and incorporated elements of compassion training and dialectical skills training. The intervention aimed to address the complex interplay between depression, anxiety, OCPD traits, and the unique coping strategies observed in the patient. As a result of the treatment, her BDI score reduced from severe to mild, and she demonstrated an increase in healthy coping skills. This case report documents the treatment approach used to address the multidimensional challenges presented by individuals with comorbid conditions involving OCPD traits. Furthermore, recommendations are provided on how to manage similar cases.

A New Explanation: Compensation Mechanism in Comorbidity Disorders of Hoarding Disorder

Hoarding Disorder (HD) is a new category of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder (OCSD). Developing research has provided assessment, phenomenological, and cognitive-behavioral evidence for the independent diagnosis of HD from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Meanwhile, HD was also found to be comorbid with various other mental disorders with significant impairments for its externality. The paper has reviewed several comorbidity research about HD, aiming to generalize the prevalence and duration of comorbidity disorders in HD conditions. In addition, this paper has also tentatively introduced the concept of compensatory mechanism to interpret the reasons for comorbid conditions in HD, especially the acquisition of specific beliefs or emotional attachments where some Personality Disorders could also form. In conclusion, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are most likely comorbid with HD, whereas posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) might be absent after arguing. Impulse Control Disorder (ICD) could supersede a certain stage of HD with the absence of psychological compensation. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) could also be comorbid with HD on a neurological basis, it could however not conclude that the compensation functions and require further investigation. Based on summarizing and assessing comorbidity disorders in HD, the present paper has provided recommendations for future research development and optimization of therapies.

Identifying individual vulnerabilities and problematic behaviors hindering musicians’ development: Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder versus study addiction

Individual vulnerabilities, such as particular personality characteristics, may be important risk factors that can hinder the development of young musicians and affect their professional careers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and rigid perfectionism, study addiction, and well-being among music students. It was hypothesized that OCPD is a strong risk factor for addictive studying; compulsive learning, however, is an addictive disorder with its own etiology, symptomatology, epidemiology, and course. A total of 255 students from various music academies in Poland participated in the study. It used the Bergen Study Addiction Scale, assessing seven core addiction symptoms related to studying; Five-Factor Obsessive Compulsive Inventory; Perceived Stress Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Three-Item Loneliness Scale; and a single-item measure of learning engagement. Both study addiction and OCPD showed positive relationships with stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that study addiction was related to well-being above and beyond OCPD and was more strongly associated with compromised functioning. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated that study addiction is a full mediator between OCPD and stress, as well as loneliness, and a partial mediator for anxiety and depression. Moderation analyses revealed that OCPD was related to well-being only for those participants who scored low for study addiction. There was no significant relationship between OCPD and well-being for participants who scored high for study addiction. These results strongly indicate that OCPD is an important risk factor for study addiction although these are different disorders. Like students with high levels of OCPD, students with high levels of study addiction but low levels of OCPD experience reduced well-being. The polythetic cut-off score showed that 24.6% of young musicians could be addicted to studying. Due to the high prevalence of this disorder, further systematic studies among young musicians are highly warranted to prevent and provide better help with the problem.

Dysfunctional personality beliefs and psychopathology in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy

To assess dysfunctional personality beliefs associated with specific personality disorders (PD), as well as psychopathological symptoms and psychological distress levels in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients. This cross-sectional study included acute and chronic CSC patients and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Dysfunctional personality beliefs and psychopathological symptoms assessed with Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form and Symptom Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90-R), respectively, were compared between CSC patients and healthy volunteers and between acute and chronic CSC patients. Of the 55 CSC patients included in the study analysis, 21 (38.2%) had acute and 34 (61.8%) chronic CSC. Avoidant PD (13.92±3.79 vs. 12.03±3.98, P=0.012) and obsessive-compulsive PD (13.94±3.95 vs. 12.27±3.75, P=0.025) scores on the PBQ-SF were significantly higher in CSC patients than in healthy volunteers. The PBQ-SF scores were similar between acute and chronic CSC patients. CSC patients scored significantly higher on the general severity index (GSI) and all symptom dimensions except phobic anxiety and psychoticism on the SCL-90-R. In addition, scores for obsessive-compulsive, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, and GSI were significantly higher in acute than in chronic CSC patients. This first study investigating the relationship between CSC and dysfunctional personality beliefs indicates that CSC patients have higher levels of dysfunctional beliefs related to avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD than healthy volunteers. These findings present a new aspect of the personality profile of CSC patients and point to a target for intervention, i.e., dysfunctional beliefs, through a cognitive-psychiatric approach.

Is the road to burnout paved with perfectionism? The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a clinical longitudinal sample of female patients with stress-related exhaustion.

Few studies have investigated the relationship between stress-related mental health problems and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Similarly, little research has focused on the moderating effect of OCPD on recovery in clinical patients with stress-related mental health problems. The general aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OCPD and the associations between OCPD and level of burnout, anxiety, and depression symptoms, during a 7-years follow-up in a clinical longitudinal sample of female patients with stress-related exhaustion. The included patients (n = 84) were referred to a specialist outpatient clinic for patients with stress-related exhaustion between 2006 and 2011. Data was collected at the initial examination and during a 7-year treatment follow-up. OCPD was the most common personality disorder in the present clinical sample, with 40% of patients fulfilling the criteria. There was a significant association between OCPD and the degree of burnout symptoms as well as the degree of depression, both at baseline and during the 7-year follow-up. No significant association between OCPD and levels of anxiety was observed. The results support the hypothesis that there might be an association between OCPD and stress-related exhaustion, including preservation of symptoms over time. OCPD and its related traits, such as perfectionism, may be important factors to consider when constructing effective treatment and rehabilitation plans for these patients.

The Associations between Obsessive Compulsive Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy, and Exercise Addiction.

Exercise addiction refers to maladaptive exercise patterns involving compulsivity and addiction-like behaviors. Exercise addiction has been found to relate to negative physical and mental health outcomes such as heart abnormalities, physical injuries, and interpersonal conflicts. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study investigated the extent to which the interplay of obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) traits and self-efficacy beliefs would influence the development and maintenance of exercise addiction. A total of 1228 college students in the United States responded to an online survey. Based on cut-off scores of the Revised Exercise Addiction Inventory, the prevalence estimates of exercise addiction were 4.0% for males and 1.8% for females. Results showed that males are more prone to exercise addiction than females. Also, OCPD traits and self-efficacy significantly predicted exercise addiction after controlling for age and sex. Self-efficacy acted as a moderator in influencing the relationship between OCPD traits and exercise addiction, especially for females. At high levels of self-efficacy, more OCPD traits were significantly associated with a higher risk of exercise addiction. However, at low levels of self-efficacy, there was no association between OCPD traits and exercise addiction. The findings suggest that public education and intervention for exercise addiction should attend to the interplay between personality factors and sex.

Influence of betrayal trauma on obsessive-compulsive personality pathology.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is among the most common forms of personality pathology. Research suggests that among the risk factors for OCPD pathology is trauma, although it is unclear which kinds of trauma are most influential. Of particular relevance may be trauma high in interpersonal betrayal, which research suggests has a unique association with many different forms of personality pathology. However, this has not yet been examined for OCPD specifically. In this study, we examined the differential associations between trauma with varying levels of betrayal and OCPD pathology in a sample of women and men recruited online (N = 300) using a Bayesian approach to structural equation modeling. Results suggest that although general interpersonal trauma was associated with OCPD across the sample, interpersonal trauma high in betrayal was uniquely associated with OCPD for men. These findings have implications for future research on the influence of trauma and personality pathology as well as for the treatment of OCPD specifically. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological influence of emerging niche clothing culture on youth with OCPD

Background Subculture is a unique cultural group formed outside the mainstream culture, and emerging niche clothing culture usually refers to some non-traditional, independent brand or style clothing culture. Compulsive personality disorder is a psychological disorder in which patients tend to overly focus on details, order, and perfectionism. For young people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, participating in emerging niche clothing culture may have some psychological effects.Subjects and MethodsSelect 100 patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and randomly divide them into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group of patients adopted emerging niche clothing culture and conventional psychological treatment methods, while the control group adopted conventional psychological treatment methods. The experimental period is 3 months, and the treatment effects of patients after 3 months are compared and statistically analyzed using Excel and SPSS23.0.ResultsThe research results indicate that the combination of emerging niche clothing culture and conventional psychotherapy methods is more likely to obtain a different way of relaxation and decompression compared to conventional psychotherapy methods. This novel rather than traditional clothing style can become a way for them to alleviate the pressure of compulsive thinking and behavior, providing physical and mental comfort.ConclusionsThe emerging niche clothing culture can provide a unique way for young people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorders to express their individuality and uniqueness. By choosing clothing and styles that are different from mainstream clothing styles, they can express their independent thinking and aesthetic preferences.Acknowledgement2021 National Social Science Foundation Art Program (No.21BG103).

In search of hidden threats: A scoping review on paranoid presentations in personality disorders.

Recent diagnostic developments suggest that paranoia is a transdiagnostic characteristic common to several personality disorders rather than a personality disorder per se. Nonetheless, empirical literature fails to provide comprehensive and univocal findings on whether and how paranoid presentations relate to different personality disorders. In the present scoping review, we map the empirical literature on paranoid presentations in personality disorders, considering the entire spectrum of paranoid manifestations (i.e., the paranoia hierarchy). In selecting original quantitative studies on paranoid presentations in personality-disordered patients, we screened 4,433 records in PsycArticles, PsycInfo and PUBMED. We eventually included 47 eligible studies in the review. Our synthesis indicates consistent empirical evidence of a wide range of paranoid presentations in Paranoid, Schizotypal and Borderline personality disorders. Conversely, little empirical literature exists on paranoid presentations in other personality disorders. Preliminary findings suggest broad-severity paranoid presentations, ranging from milder to severe forms, in Paranoid, Schizotypal and Borderline personality disorders. There is also some evidence of milder forms of paranoia in Avoidant, Antisocial and Narcissistic personality disorders. Conversely, there is poor evidence of paranoid presentations in Schizoid, Histrionic, Dependent or Obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Research gaps and recommendations for improving empirical research on paranoid presentations in personality disorders are discussed.